1.2 Human Rights
Throughout the History, there has been a conflict between ruling elite and the ruled e.g. Magna Carta - England 1215
'Magna Carta' is the Charter of Rights issued by King John of England in 1215 under pressure from the barons. This is the first written document relating to the Fundamental Rights of citizens.
French Declaration of the rights of Man and of the Citizen -1789.
Art 1: All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights.
Art 2: Everyone is entitled to all the rights and freedoms set forth in this declaration without distinction of any kind such as race, colour, sex, language, religion, nation, property, birth or other status.
Art 3 : Everyone has the right to life, liberty and security of person.
Art 4 : Slavery and slave trade is prohibited.
Art 5 : No one shall be subject to torture.
In keeping with the spirit of human right movement all over the world, the national human rights Commission (NHRC) came into existence in India in 1993 through an ordinance promulgated on 28th September 1993 by the president of India.
However, soon the ordinance was replaced by a statue called the protection of the human rights act 1993 which came into force in 1994. This act provides for setting up the NHR at the centre as well as one commission each at the state level.
The autonomy of the omission is derived from the method of appointment of its members, their fixity of tenure, and statutory guarantees.
The Chairperson and the members of the Commission are appointed by the President on the basis of recommendation of a committee comprising the Prime Minister as the Chairperson, the speaker of the Lok Sabha, the Home Minister, the leader of the Opposition in the LS and the RS and the Dy. Chairperson of the RS as members.
