TOPIC 5.2 INDEPENDENT STATES
1.HYDERABAD
Founded by Nizam-ul-Mulk Asaf Jahan in AD 1724. His original name was Chin Qilich Khan but emperor Farrukhsiyar conferred on him the titles of ‘Khan-i-Duran’ and later ‘Nizam-ul-Mulk’.
Puran Chand was his diwan.
Carnatic was one of the Subah of Deccan hence; it was under the Nizam of Hyderabad.
Nizam of Hyderabad became independent of Delhi and deputy Governor of Carnatic made himself independent of Hyderabad, hence assumed the title ‘Nawab of Carnatic and Hyderabad.
Hyderabad remained independent until it became a part of Independent India. The Nizam provided assistance to the British during the 1857 Revolt.
2.BENGAL
Murshid Quli Khan (1717-27) He was made Governor of Bengal (1717) and Orissa (1719). He transferred the capital of Bengal from Dacca to Murshidabad. He died in 1717.
Shuja-ud-din (1727-39) He was granted Governorship of Bihar by Mughal emperor Muhammad Shah Rangeela.
Sarfaraz Khan (1739-40) Alivardi Khan deposed and killed Shuja-ud-din’s son, Sarfaraz Khan and made himself Nawaab.
Alivardi Khan (1746) Bribed Muhammad Shah Rangeela and legalised his position by receiving a farman from him. He prevented the English and French fortifications at Calcutta and Chandranagar respectively.
Shiraj-ud-Daula (1756-57)
Under the farman of 1717, the Company had rights to import or export their goods in Bengal without paying tax and the right to issue passes or dastaks. Dastaks were misused for private trade by Company’s servants.
In 1756, Siraj-ud-Daula seized the English factory at Kasimbazar and marched to Calcutta and occupied Fort William. Black hole tragedy took place. Robert Clive recovered Calcutta and the Treaty of Alinagar was signed on 2nd January, 1757.
On 23rd June, 1757, English won the battle against Siraj-ud-daula, and compelled the Nawab to concede all the demands.
Mir Jafar, (Mir Bakhsh), Manik Chand (Officer incharge of Calcutta), Aminchand (rich Sikh merchant), Jagat Seth (banker), Khadim Khan (Commander of Nawab’s army) all were on the English side.
Mir Madan and Mohan Lal, Nawab’s soldiers, fought bravely.
Nawab was killed by Mir Jafar’s son Miran.
Mir Jafar (1757-60)
Mir Jafar was the first Nawab of Bengal, Bihar and Orissa under British rule in India.
He granted free trade rights to the Company in Bengal, Bihar and Orissa.
In 1760, Mir Jafar was replaced by his son-in-law, Mir Qasim.
Mir Qasim (1760-64)
Mir Qasin ceded Burdwan, Midnapur and Chittagong. He shifted his capital from Murshidabad to Monghyr.
Mir Qasim soon revolted as he was angry with the British for misusing dastaks (free duty passes)
Battle of Buxar: He formed an alliance with Nawab of Awadh, Shuja-ud-daula and Mughal Emperor Shah Alam-II and fought with the British army at Buxar on 22nd October, 1764. Mir Jafar was again put on the throne by the Britishers.
On Mir Jafar’s death, his son Nizam-ud-daula was placed on the throne and he signed a treaty on 20th February, 1765, by which the Nawab had to disband most of his army and to administer Bengal through a deputy subedar nominated by the company.
Robert Clive became the first Governor of Bengal in 1765.
After the Battle of Buxar, the Company gave Shah Alam-II a subsidiary of Rs.26 lakh and secured Diwani of Arrah and Allahabad.
The important outcome is the Treaty of Allahabad.
Treaty of Allahabad (August, 1765)
English got the Diwani rights /right to collect revenue) of Bengal, Bihar and Orissa) and gave 26 lakhs.
The Dual Government of Bengal was established in 1765, wherein the company got the right to collect revenue but the Nizamat right (duty of administration) was with the Nawab.
Warren Hastings ended the Systems of Government in 1772.
