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TOPIC 5.4 THE SIKHS (PUNJAB)

Lesson 74/104 | Study Time: 30 Min
Course: Indian History Course
TOPIC 5.4 THE SIKHS (PUNJAB)

TOPIC 5.4 THE SIKHS (PUNJAB)


  • Guru Nanak (1969-1539) Born in Talwandi, the first Sikh guru and established Nanak Panth.

  • Guru Angad (1539-52) Invented Grumukhi script for Punjabi Language.

  • Guru Amardas (1552-74) divided his spiritual empire into 22 parts called Manjis, which was put under the charge of a Sikh Mugal Emperor Akbar visited him.

  • Guru Ramdas(1575-81) Founded the city of Amritsar. He dug a tank (sarovar) and constructed Harmandir Sahib in the midst of the tank.

  • Guru Arjun Dev (1581-1606) He compiled the Adi Granth. Completed the construction of Amritsar and founded the cities of Taran and Kartarpur. He was executed by Jahangir.

  • Guru Har Govind Rai (1606-45) Transformed Sikhs into warrior class and defeated the Mugual army at Sangrama. Fortified Amritsar and built the Akal Takht at Golden Temple. Took the title of Padshah and founded the city of Kiratpur in Kashmir.

  • Guru Har Rai (AD 1645-61) He met Dara Shikoh, son of Aurangzeb.

  • Guru Har Kishan (1661-64) Ramraya established a separate seat of Guru at Dehradun.

  • Guru Teg Bahadur (1664-75) Executed by Aurangzeb at Delhi. Sis Ganj Gurudwara marks the site of his martyrdom.

  • Guru Gobind Singh (1675-1708) (born at Patna) He was Tenth and the last Sikh Guru. He organised a community of warriors called Khalsa (Baisakhi Day, 1699) summoned the assembly of Sikhs at Anantapur and 5 persons were selected (Panj Piaras), who took the water of immortality.

  • The Sikhs were required to keep 5 k's viz. Kesh, Kirpan, Kachha, Kangha and Kara. he compiled Dasven Padshah ka Garanth. He was stabbed to death by a Pathan in 1708.

  • Maharaja Ranjeet Singh (1792-1839) Born in 1780 at Gujranwala, he founded the Sikh rule in Punjab. He occupied Lahore in 1799 and made it his capital. He annexed Amritsar (1802), Ludhiana, Kangra, Multan, attacked Kashmir and Peshawar. He died in 1839.

  • Successors: Ranjit Singh Kharak Singh (1839-40) Naunihal Singh (1840), Sher Singh (1841-43)m Dalip Singh (1843-49)

Anglo-Afghan Wars

First War (1839-42) or Aukhland's Folly

  • In 1839, the British replaced Dost Muhammad by placing Shah Shuja. The British faced a popular revolt but were able to re-occupy Kabul. However they had to restore the throne to Dost Muhammad. The British occupied Kabul in 1842.


Second War (1878-80)

  • British India attacked Afghanistan during the period of Sher Ari. Sher Ali was defeated by Lord Lytton and his sons signed the Treaty of Gandamak (Yakub Khan)

  • The British adopted the principle of non-interference.

Third War

  • The Durand line was reaffirmed between British India and Afghanistan.

  • Treaty of Rawalpindi was signed.

  • Afghan independence with full sovereignty in Foreign Affairs.

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1- 1.1 STONE AGE - The Palaeolithic Age 2- 1.2 INDUS VALLEY CIVILISATION 3- 1.3 THE ARYAN AND THE VEDIC AGE 4- Previous Questions on Stone Age 5- Previous Questions on Indus Valley Civilisation 6- Previous Questions on The Aryan And The Vedic Age 7- 1.4 LATER VEDIC AGE 8- Previous Questions on Later Vedic Age 9- 1.5 EARLY DYNASTIES 10- Previous Questions on Early Dynasties 11- 1.6 FOREIGN INVASIONS 12- 1.7 RELIGIONS (Jainism) 13- 1.7 RELIGIONS (Buddhism) 14- 1.8 THE MAURYAN EMPIRE 15- 1.9 POST-MAURYAN PERIOD 16- 1.1 STONE AGE - The Mesolithic Age 17- 1.1 STONE AGE - The Neolithic Age 18- 1.1 STONE AGE - Chalcolithic Culture 19- Previous Question on Foreign Invasions 20- Previous Question on Jainism 21- Previous Question on Mauryan Empire 22- Previous Question on Post-Mauryan Period 23- 1.10 POST MAURYAN DYNASTIES 24- Previous Quesiton on Post-Mauryan Dynasties 25- 1.11 THE AGE OF THE GUPTAS 26- Previous Question on The Age of the Guptas 27- Decline of Guptas 28- THE HARSHA PERIOD 29- Previous Questions on The Harsha Period 30- TOPIC 2.1 ARAB CONQUEST OF SIND 31- Previous Question of Arab Conquest of Sind 32- TOPIC 2.2 RAJPUT RULERS 33- Previous Question of Rajput Rulers 34- TOPIC 2.3 TURKISH INVASIONS 35- Previous Question on Turkish Invasions 36- 2.4 THE DELHI SULTANATE 37- 2.THE KHILJI DYNASTY (AD 1290-1320) 38- 3. THE TUGHLAQ DYNASTY (AD 1320-1414) 39- 4.THE SAYYID DYNASTY 40- 5.THE LODHI DYNASTY 41- Previous Question of Early Medieval History 42- TOPIC 3.1 TRIPARTITE STRUGGLE 43- 2. The Gurjara – Pratihara -Gujarat 44- 3. The Rashtrakutas-Maharashtra 45- Previous Question on The Rashtrakutas-Maharashtra 46- TOPIC 3.2 THREE TAMIL DYNASTIES 47- Previous Question on Three Tamil Dynasties 48- 2.Pandiyas -Tamil 49- Previous Question 50- TOPIC 3.3 PALLAVAS 51- TOPIC 3.4 VIJAYANAGARA KINGDOM (AD 1336-1580) 52- TOPIC 3.5 BAHMANI KINGDOM 53- Previous Questions 54- 4.1 RELIGIOUS MOVEMENTS - 1. SUFI MOVEMENT 55- Previous Questions on Sufi Movement 56- 2. The Bhakti Movement 57- Previous Question on The Bhakti Movement 58- TOPIC 4.2 THE MUGHAL EMPIRE 59- Continue 60- Continue 61- Previous Questions on The Mughal Empire 62- TOPIC 4.3 LATER MUGHALS 63- Previous Questions LATER MUGHALS 64- TOPIC 4.4 THE MARATHA AGE 65- Previous Questions THE MARATHA AGE 66- TOPIC 4.5 THE PESHWAS 67- Previous Questions on The Peshwas 68- TOPIC 5.1 ADVENT OF THE EUROPEANS 69- Previous Question on Advent of the Europeans 70- TOPIC 5.2 INDEPENDENT STATES 71- Previous Questions on Independent States 72- TOPIC 5.3 ASCENDANCY OF THE BRITISH 73- Previous Questions on Ascendancy of the British 74- TOPIC 5.4 THE SIKHS (PUNJAB) 75- Previous Questions on The Sikhs (Punjab) 76- TOPIC 5.5 ECONOMIC AND COMMERCIAL POLICY 77- Previous Question on Economic and Commercial Policy 78- TOPIC 5.6 LAND REVENUE SYSTEMS 79- Previous Questions on Land Revenue System 80- TOPIC 5.7 REVOLT OF 1857 81- Previous Questions on Revolt of 1857 82- TOPIC 5.8 GOVERNOR-GENERALS OF BENGAL 83- Previous Questions on Governer General of Bengal 84- TOPIC 5.9 VICEROYS OF INDIA 85- TOPIC 5.10 GROWTH OF MODERN EDUCATION IN INDIA 86- Previous Question 87- TOPIC 5.11 SOCIAL AND CULTURAL UPRISINGS 88- Previous Questions 89- Part - 6 Indian National Movement - INM 90- TOPIC 6.1 THE INDIAN NATIONAL CONGRESS 91- Previous Questions 92- TOPIC 6.2 PARTITION OF BENGAL 93- 6.3 Indian National Movement 1905 to 1932 94- 6.4 Indian National Movement 1905 to 1932 95- Previous Questions 96- Events and Developments 97- Previous Questions 98- TOPIC 6.5 INDIAN NATIONAL MOVEMENT 1935 TO 1947 99- Previous Questions 100- 6.6 Border Lines 101- 6.7 Partition Problems 102- Previous Questions 103- TOPIC 6.8 IMPORTANT NATIONAL LEADERS 104- Previous Questions