TOPIC 5.3 ASCENDANCY OF THE BRITISH
1.Carnatic Wars
First War (AD 1746-48)
A was between France and England.
Nawab of Carnatic’s Army was defeated by French besieged Madras.
The war ended with the Treaty of Aix-La-Chapelle (1748), which also ended the Austrian war of succession.
Second War (AD 1749-54)
Dupleix aligned with Muzaffar Jung (Hyderabad) and Chanda Sahib (Carnatic).
After the initial victory of the French, ultimately Robert Clive emerged victorious.
War ended with the Treaty of Pondicherry/ Treaty of Godehu.
The Siege of Arcot (1751) made Clive a national hero in England.
Third War (AD 1758-63)
French Governor Count de Lally captured Fort St David.
The French were defeated by the British in the decisive Battle at Wandiwash in AD 1760. Pondicherry was returned to France by the Treaty of Paris.
Local version of “seven years’ war” in Europe.
2.ANGLO-MYSORE WARS
First War (1766-69)
Haider Ali defeated the British, and the Treaty of Madras was signed.
Second War (1780-84)
Warren Hastings attacked French port Mahe, which was in Haider Ali’s territory; Haider Ali led a joint front with Nizam and Maratha and captured Arcot. In 1781, Haider Ali was defeated at Porto Novo by Eyre Coote.
Treaty of Mangalore (1784) was signed by Tipu Sultan on the basis of all mutual restitution of conquests.
Third War (1789-92)
Marathas and Nizam aided the British, and Lord Cornwallis captured Bangalore.
Treaty of Seringapatam signed; Tipu ceded half of his territories.
Fourth War (1799)
Lord Wellesley attacked, Tipu died while fighting.
Tipu used the iron (-) cased rockets in the 3rd and 4th Anglo-Mysore Wars.
It placed England on the military supremacy in India.
3.Anglo-Maratha Wars
First War (1775-82)
English favoured Raghunath Rao to become the Peshwa but were defeated and signed the Convention of Wadgaon.
The British later signed the Treaty of Salbai renouncing the case of Raghunath Rao.
Second War (1803-06)
The Peshwas signed the Treaty of Bassein (1802), which was a treaty for subsidiary alliances.
Third War (1817-19)
Lord Hastings moved against Marathas and Marathas were decisively defeated.
Anglo-Sikh Wars
Began after the death of Ranjit Singh in 1839.
