TOPIC 5.6 LAND REVENUE SYSTEMS
Permanent Settlement
Introduced in Bengal, Bihar and Orissa, districts of Bannaras and Northern districts of Madras by Lord Cornwallis in 1793.
John Shore planned this settlement.
Assured of their ownership, many zamindars stayed in towns and exploited their tenants.
It declared zamindars as the owners of the land. Hence, they could keep 1/11th of the revenue collected to themselves while the British got a fixed share of 10/11th of the revenue collected. The zamindars were free to fix the rate.
Ryotwari Settlement
Introduced in Bombay, Madras and Assam. Munro and Charles Reed recommended it.
In this, the direct settlement was made between the Government and the Riots.
The revenue was based on the quality of the soil and the nature of the crop. The revenue was fixed for a period not exceeding 30 years. It was based on the 'Scientific Rent Theory of Ricardo.'
The position of the cultivator became more secure.
Mahalwari System
Introduced in the era of Ganga valley. North-West Frontier Provinces part of Central India and Punjab.
Revenue Settlement was to be made by village or estate with landlords.
A settlement was made with the village which maintained a form of common ownership known as Bhaichara or with Mahals, which were a group of villages Revenue was periodically revised.
